B) how actions done to achieve happiness are in fact desired as opposed to being desirable. Utilitarians, White and Arp suggest, would endorse killing the Joker. According to Plato, the soul achieves balance or harmony only when reason controls both the spirited (or courageous) part of the soul and the soul's appetites. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethic.com. Kantian virtue is in some respects similar to Aristotelian virtue. B) each expert's opinion considered individually (without having to consult others).
B) only a personality that harmonizes the competing interests of reason, emotion, and appetite is moral. Ethics and Virtue - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. Epicurus proposes that, even though decision-making should be based. Because Bentham's hedonistic calculus does not consider the pleasures or pains that other people experience as a result of a person's action, it is more egoistic than Mill's version of utilitarianism. A book length account of eudaimonist virtue ethics, incorporating many of the ideas from her previous work and fully developed new ideas and responses to criticisms.
Aristotelian virtue is defined in Book II of the Nicomachean Ethics as a purposive disposition, lying in a mean and being determined by the right reason. Intro to Ethics - Unit 4 Milestone Flashcards. Of ethical behavior, he points out that "it is better to be a human being. Virtue ethics, however, answers this objection by embracing moral luck. PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Final Exam Sophia / PHI ETHICS Sophia final Milestone 1 "Capital punishment is morally wrong because it turns all the state's citizens into killers. "
Ethical concerns are wider, encompassing friends, family and society and make room for ideals such as social justice. Virtue in Deontology and Consequentialism. The trustworthiness of human assertion, which is the principal support. "Eudaimonia" is an Aristotelian term loosely (and inadequately) translated as happiness. Competing interests, sacrifice and compromise, and duty instead of caring. Moral systems even those that value humility and passivity are expressions (Nietzsche maintains) of the will to power, the will to overcome. Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics Study guides, Class notes & Summaries - US. This is the life of excellence or of eudaimonia. C) all cultural differences can be reduced to basic differences in human nature.
D) organized behavior within a particular society prevents its own members from seeing when they have problems. By some means other than human choice, then: (a) contradicts the principle on which the ability to make moral distinctions is based. C) Since there is no objective moral standard (as the ring of Gyges story shows), whatever someone believes is in his or her self-interest is morally acceptable. D) not as gender (masculine-feminine) conflicts, but as problems that can be solved by calculating the foreseen consequences for those affected by actions. D) what makes actions moral or immoral, right or wrong. Ethical relativists claim that even though cultures seem to differ on ethical standards, they ultimately share the same basic ethical principle--namely, moral goodness is that which produces happiness. To illustrate the difference among three key moral philosophies, ethicists Mark White and Robert Arp refer to the film The Dark Knight where Batman has the opportunity to kill the Joker. To this by pointing out that: (a) good consequences cannot follow from an act done by someone with an evil motive. Morality is characterized mainly by the work of Kant and notions such as duty and obligation. Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics committee. D) Epicureanism says we should desire things that do not disappoint us, whereas Stoicism says that we cannot be disappointed in life if we do not desire anything. Virtue ethicists then took up the challenge of developing full fledged accounts of virtue that could stand on their own merits rather than simply criticize consequentialism and deontology.
D) human beings are condemned to be free and to become anything they choose through their actions. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Suppose that human well-being is the correct standard for evaluating. Feminine moral development, according to Carol Gilligan, occurs as a person moves from (1) caring only for herself, through (2) caring for others, to (3) adopting care as a universal moral principle. Own family or culture than others, and therefore should not be expected. Hence, the true statement about virtue based ethics from the options is that; "according to the principles of virtue-based ethics, character is more important than actions. As the ancient philosopher Aristotle suggested, a person can improve his or her character by practicing self-discipline, while a good character can be corrupted by repeated self-indulgence. Does Batman want to be the kind of person who takes his enemies' lives? " According to J. S. Mill, the quantity (as opposed to the quality) of pleasures is determined by how well those pleasures enhance human fulfillment and well-being.
Most virtue ethics theories take their inspiration from Aristotle who declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits. Some theorists argue that the utilitarian claim that we are morally. Rorty, A. O., Essays on Aristotle's Ethics (USA: University of California Press, 1980). MacIntyre's project is as deeply critical of many of the same notions, like ought, as Anscombe and Williams.
Virtue ethics reflects the imprecise nature of ethics by being flexible and situation-sensitive, but it can also be action-guiding by observing the example of the virtuous agent. What statement is true regarding decision making? This passage summarizes: (a) the utilitarianism of Bentham. Nietzsche's theory emphasizes the inner self and provides a possible response to the call for a better understanding of moral psychology. She also emphasized the importance of the emotions and understanding moral psychology. These virtues have been marginalized because society has not adequately valued the contributions of women. According to the Stoics, the only way to fulfill our duty to live in harmony with the universe is to yield to our passions, desires, and emotions. It is an emerging concept and was initially defined by what it is not rather than what it is. In Aristotle's virtue ethics, moral value is a purely private matter, unconnected to how people interact with others in the community. According to Aristotle, a happy life is a life of virtue, one in. Aristotelian theory is an example of an agent-focused theory. For example, a person who has developed the virtue of generosity is often referred to as a generous person because he or she tends to be generous in all circumstances. C) it commits the naturalistic fallacy by reasoning from the fact that values differ to the claim that people are morally justified in acting on their cultural or individual beliefs.
Belief because it: (a) suggests that tolerating different viewpoints has value only for relativists, not objectivists. The decision about which pleasures. Act utilitarians point out that sometimes violating a moral rule. Written by three authors adopting three perspectives, deontology, consequentialism and virtue ethics, this is an excellent account of how the three normative theories relate to each other. D) the only way to determine what motive I have in acting is to determine the consequences of my action. Acting virtuously—that is, acting in accordance with reason—is acting in the way characteristic of the nature of human beings and this will lead to eudaimonia. Boxes to send overseas, she finds a donated item of clothing that perfectly suits her sense of style and would be a versatile item to add to her own wardrobe. To act virtuously, Kant argues, means to act for the sake of doing one's duty even if that means going against one's religious beliefs. A book length account of a consequentialist version of virtue ethics, incorporating many of her ideas from previous pieces of work. The virtues are associated with feelings. In other words, the fundamental question of ethics is not "What should I do? " Subjective relativism is theoretically. D) every time someone acts, he or she has a motive; but there are not always consequences to acts. C) whether that which is, in fact, desired by those persons is what they ought to desire.
Virtue ethics cannot give us an easy, instant answer. D) even if we follow moral rules, we will always cause unhappiness to someone. Is where the existentialist would object, claiming: (a) in spite of the fact that nature restricts what we can choose to do, we can still have an effect on human values by the choices we make. D) religious teachings are usually interpreted and enforced through civil laws that become the bases for personal or social morality. The virtuous person is the ethical person. C) without maxims we would not know what to do. D) how morality is less concerned with doing what is actually right than with doing what seems to be right according to one's society: that is what the Gyges ring story is about. Though both Epicurus and Bentham agree that we should do that which produces pleasure or happiness, they differ on whose pleasure or happiness should be taken into account. Consequences of our actions.
Virtue ethics seems to be essentially interested in the acquisition of the virtues as part of the agent's own well-being and flourishing. Of reason as determined by: (a) an objective, shared standard of right and wrong equally applicable to all people. Blame is appropriate because we are obliged to behave in a certain way and if we are capable of conforming our conduct and fail to, we have violated our duty. The deontological theory of ethics called divine law theory is.
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