Not only is this a problem for the individuals affected, but it also has a severe impact on our healthcare system. It has only two layers: the papillary layer with papillae that extend into the epidermis and the lower, reticular layer composed of loose connective tissue. The accumulation of melanin in keratinocytes results in the darkening of the skin, or a tan. Learning Objectives. In addition, students will learn how each part helps the human body. Skin that has four layers of cells is referred to as "thin skin. " Fat distribution changes as our bodies mature and age. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf document. Muscular System Puzzle. As new keratinocytes are produced atop the stratum basale, the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum are pushed into the stratum granulosum. It is interesting to note that the "spiny" nature of this layer is an artifact of the staining process. With a prolonged reduction in oxygen levels, dark red deoxyhemoglobin becomes dominant in the blood, making the skin appear blue, a condition referred to as cyanosis (kyanos is the Greek word for "blue"). Identify the components of the integumentary system. The epidermis is avascular and cells of this layer must get their oxygen and nutrients from capillaries in the dermis.
You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. Dermal papillae increase the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis; the greater the folding, the stronger the connections made (Figure 5. Teach students about the human body integumentary system using this free print and digital lesson. The hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) surrounding the muscles. Individuals with albinism tend to appear white or very pale due to the lack of melanin in their skin and hair. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. Eumelanin exists as black and brown, whereas pheomelanin provides a red color. They appear to be sloughing off. This stored fat can serve as an energy reserve, insulate the body to prevent heat loss, and act as a cushion to protect underlying structures from trauma. Integumentary system study guide answers. What are the basic functions of each of these layers? There is a dynamic interplay between the amount of protection from UV radiation that melanin provides and the amount of vitamin D produced. Layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes. "Thick skin" is found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
Most superficial layer of the epidermis. These puzzles cover an entire year of a high school Anatomy class and can also be used in a Biology class. These cells are densely packed with eleiden, a clear protein rich in lipids, derived from keratohyalin, which gives these cells their transparent (i. e., lucid) appearance and provides a barrier to water. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf.fr. This layer also contains lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors called the Meissner corpuscles. Like this free human body lesson? Systems covered include integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, somatic and special senses, endocrine system, blood, cardiovascular sys. Students will learn about the parts and functions of the integumentary system.
Describe the role of melanocytes in skin pigmentation. It requires about 10 days after initial sun exposure for melanin synthesis to peak, which is why pale-skinned individuals tend to suffer sunburns of the epidermis initially. A perfect introduction to the Integumentary System, this worksheet carefully examines some of the main features of the human skin. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. Digestive System Puzzle. As the cells move into the stratum spinosum, they begin the synthesis of keratin and extend cell processes, desmosomes, which link the cells. The entire layer is replaced during a period of about 4 weeks. View the University of Michigan WebScope at? The stratum basale also contains melanocytes, cells that produce melanin, the pigment primarily responsible for giving skin its color.
Students will summarize their knowledge of the following human body systems: skeletal, muscular, circulatory, endocrine, digestive, immune, integumentary, nervous, excretory, respiratory, and reproductive. The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name. All of the keratinocytes are produced from this single layer of cells, which are constantly going through mitosis to produce new cells. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. Coloring in the sketch notes reinforces the learned concepts by activating both sides of the brain. Check out the unit and save 20% by clicking here.
The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, and so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. In much of the developed world, insufficient exercise coupled with the ready availability and consumption of high-calorie foods have resulted in unwanted accumulations of adipose tissue in many people. Melanosomes are temporary structures that are eventually destroyed by fusion with lysosomes; this fact, along with melanin-filled keratinocytes in the stratum corneum sloughing off, makes tanning impermanent. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is superficial to the hypodermics. I made several copies of the descriptions and images o. Layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits.
The keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum begin the synthesis of keratin and release a water-repelling glycolipid that helps prevent water loss from the body, making the skin relatively waterproof. As the stratum basale continues to produce new cells, the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum are pushed into the stratum granulosum. Everyday Connection – Lipid Storage. A basal cell is a cuboidal-shaped stem cell that is a precursor of the keratinocytes of the epidermis. In many animals, there is a pattern of storing excess calories as fat to be used in times when food is not readily available. These cells are especially abundant on the surfaces of the hands and feet. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Treatment of this disorder usually involves addressing the symptoms, such as limiting UV light exposure to the skin and eyes.
Cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis. Directions: Answer the following questions about the eleven (11) human body systems that we have discussed. Intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis. Describe how the cells change as they become integrated into the different layers of the epidermis.
Fingerprints are unique to each individual and are used for forensic analyses because the patterns do not change with the growth and aging processes. Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The more superficial papillary layer serves as an anchor point for the epidermis above and is intimately connected to the deeper reticular layer. The cells become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin. It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.
The keratinocytes in these layers are mostly dead and flattened. Deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells. Exposure to UV irradiation stimulates the melanocytes to produce and secrete more melanin. Melanin gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the DNA in the nuclei of living cells of the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts (Figure 5. The cells in this layer can still be anchored to each other by desmosomes which is why the peeling that occurs with a sunburn peels the damaged epidermal layers in one sheet. The melanin is transferred into the keratinocytes via a cellular vesicle called a melanosome (Figure 5. Other changes in the appearance of skin coloration can be indicative of diseases associated with other body systems.
Cells in this layer are shed periodically and are replaced by cells pushed up from the stratum granulosum (or stratum lucidum in the case of the palms and soles of feet). Organisms and environments. The stratum granulosum has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum. The second page is a worksheet where students are asked to describe each system in three works, explain why it is important, and hypothesize about what would happen to the human body if that body system did not work. The questions are fill-in the-blank, true or false, and multiple choice. Fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis. Changes in lifestyle, specifically in diet and exercise, are the best ways to control body fat accumulation, especially when it reaches levels that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and abundant adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the integument. Clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss. The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue (Figure 5. A similar process of producing cells packed with keratin occurs in the accessory structures of hair and nails.
Individuals with albinism tend to need more protection from UV radiation, as they are more prone to sunburns and skin cancer. Although you may not typically think of the skin as an organ, it is in fact made of tissues that work together as a single structure to perform unique and critical functions. The cells (three to five layers deep) become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin, which is fibrous, and keratohyalin, which accumulates as lamellar granules within the cells (see Figure 5. Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense irregular connective tissue which resists forces in many directions attributing to the flexibility of the skin. This introduction activity will engage kids into thinking through their prior knowledge about Human Anatomy. This little activity has students research a couple terials NeededThis worksheet and a computer/access to looking up Time NeededThis can be done in 15-20 minutes depending on how long it takes students to find information.
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