What helped me understand this idea of viewing an argument from multiple perspectives a lot clearer, was the description about imagining the author not all isolated by himself in an office, but instead in a room with other people, throwing around ideas to each other to come up with the main argument of the text. They explain that the key to being active in a conversation is to take the other students' ideas and connecting them to one's own viewpoint. When you read a text, imagine that the author is responding to other authors. We will discuss this briefly. Chapter 2 explains how to write an extended summary. Writing things out is one way we can begin to understand complex ideas. Now we will assume a different voice in the issue. Keep in mind that you will also be using quotes. When the "They Say" is unstated. They say i say 4th edition sparknotes. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Write briefly from this perspective. A great way to explore an issue is to assume the voice of different stakeholders within an issue. Is he disagreeing or agreeing with the issue? When this happens, we can write a summary of the ideas.
Reading particularly challenging texts. The hour grows late, you must depart. Figure out what views the author is responding to and what the author's own argument is. Assume a voice of one of the stakeholders and write for a few minutes from this perspective.
Sometimes it is difficult to understand the conversation writers are responding to because the language and ideas are challenging or new to you. Burke's "Unending Conversation" Metaphor. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally's assistance. What are current issues where this approach would help us? If we understand that good academic writing is responding to something or someone, we can read texts as a response to something. A gap in the research. They say i say sparknotes chapter 1. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. This enables the discussion to become more coherent. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about.
Careful you do not write a list summary or "closest cliche". The Art of Summarizing. What's Motivating This Writer? What other arguments is he responding to? Summarize the conversation as you see it or the concepts as you understand them. Chapter 14 suggests that when you are reading for understanding, you should read for the conversation.
What I found helpful in this chapter were the templates that explain how to elaborate on an argument mentioned before in the class with my own argument, and how to successfully change the topic without making it seem like my point was made out of context. The book treats summary and paraphrase similarly. Who are the stakeholders in the Zinczenko article? In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. In this chapter, Graff and Birkenstein talk about the importance of taking other people's points and connecting them to your own argument. They mention how many times in a classroom discussion, students do not mention any of the other students' arguments that were made before in the discussion, but instead bring up a totally new argument, which results in the discussion not to move forward anymore. When the conversation is not clearly stated, it is up to you to figure out what is motivating the text. In this chapter, Graff and Birkenstein discuss the importance of grasping what the author is trying to argue. What does assuming different voices help us with in regards to an issue? Class They Say Summary and Zinczenko –. Instead, Graff and Birkenstein explain that if a student wants to read the author's text critically, they must read the text from multiple perspectives, connecting the different arguments, so that they can reconstruct the main argument the author is making. Deciphering the conversation. Multivocal Arguments. However, the discussion is interminable. Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor.
keepcovidfree.net, 2024